The Ganga River is more than just a water body; it is the lifeline of India, deeply embedded in the country’s civilization, spirituality, and economy. However, rapid urbanization, industrialization, and inadequate waste management have severely polluted this sacred river. In response, the Government of India launched the Namami Gange Programme in 2014, a flagship initiative aimed at restoring the Ganga to its pristine state through pollution control, conservation, and active community participation.
One of the most critical components of this mission is the establishment of Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs) and Interception & Diversion (I&D) networks, designed to prevent untreated sewage from entering the river. To ensure these projects deliver their intended impact, environmental and social audits play a crucial role in evaluating their effectiveness, sustainability, and social benefits.
Swami Rama Himalayan University (SRHU) has been entrusted with conducting the Environmental and Social Audit of STPs and I&D projects under the Namami Gange Programme in nine locations across Haridwar, Tehri, Dehradun, and Nainital districts. This initiative, sanctioned by the State Mission for Clean Ganga (SMCG), Government of Uttarakhand, aims to determine the environmental and social acceptability of these interventions while evaluating their impact on the local population and the river ecosystem.
The primary objective of this audit is to assess how these projects have influenced community living standards, health, sanitation, and hygiene. Additionally, it evaluates their impact on water quality, air quality, noise levels, and aquatic ecosystems. Ensuring that STPs adhere to sustainable design and operational standards is crucial for minimizing environmental risks and maximizing social benefits. Furthermore, identifying best practices and areas for improvement in environmental and social management is essential for long-term sustainability.
The audit follows a structured methodology, incorporating data collection, stakeholder consultations, and field assessments. During the preparation phase, checklists are developed for environmental and social evaluation, aligned with the Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF), CPCB guidelines, and national standards. Stakeholder consultations with local communities, workers, and Panchayat members provide valuable insights into the project’s impact and challenges.
For social assessment, focus group discussions (FGDs) are conducted with local residents to understand their perspectives on the program’s benefits and challenges. Household surveys help capture feedback from beneficiaries, while worker health and safety conditions at STP facilities are thoroughly examined. Environmental assessment includes water quality monitoring at household levels and at STP inlet and outlet points. Air and noise quality assessments are conducted around STP locations, and sludge disposal practices are evaluated for their environmental impact.
Coordination with government agencies, local authorities, and stakeholders ensures smooth implementation and compliance. Findings are documented, highlighting areas of compliance, non-compliance, and best practices. The final report categorizes each aspect, identifies gaps, and provides corrective actions and recommendations for sustainable water management.
The Namami Gange Programme in Uttarakhand has already shown significant environmental and social improvements. With continued investment in modern STP technology, real-time monitoring, and active community involvement, Uttarakhand is setting a national benchmark for river rejuvenation. By prioritizing holistic water management and sustainability, these audits ensure that the Ganga remains clean, vibrant, and life-sustaining for generations to come. Together, we can contribute to keeping the Ganga pure and strong.